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hopefully this is actually helpful to somebody Terms in this set (25)In the experiment, you will determine whether adding nutrients to the soil changes the community of plants growing there. This is done by looking at the habitat's composition and structure. Write a scientific question that you are answering by doing this lab. Write your question in general terms, not in terms of specific plants. What is the effect of adding nutrients over community of plants in a particular ecosystem? Write a hypothesis about the addition of compost (nutrients) to the soil and ecological succession using this format: "If . . . then . . . because . . ." Be sure to answer the lab question, "How does the presence of additional nutrients affect the process of succession?" If we add special nutrients to the soil of a forest, then we would see that the nutrients helps the variety of plant species to grow faster, because nutrients is always beneficial to any plant community. The variables for this experiment include the number of each type of sprout, the average height of those sprouts, and the amount of compost given to each plot of land. Use the drop-down menus to complete the sentences and identify the independent and dependent variables. The independent variable, the one that you intentionally manipulate, is the _____________________________________ . The dependent variables, the ones that you measure the response in, are the ___________________________________ . 1. 2. One square mile of forest is divided up into ten equally sized quadrats, 1/10th of a mile each. In quadrat #3, twenty-five pine trees are counted. What would be a reasonable estimate for the total number of pine trees in the larger plot of land (one square mile or forest)? ✔ 250 pine trees Identifying Safety Protocol for this Lab Experiment Which statements are part of the safety protocol for this lab experiment? Check all that apply. A) Wear appropriate clothing for this activity (gloves, closed-toed shoes, etc.). Use the drop-down menus to identify the experimental group with additional nutrients and the control group without additional nutrients. The experimental group consists of quadrats numbered ______________ . The control group consists of quadrats numbered ______________ . 1. In this fourth step, you will make initial observations in the quadrat you were assigned. You will count the number of plants and find the average height. Observe your quadrat. Is the ground bare? Look to see if plants are present in small numbers. Can they be easily counted? 1. Drag the wooden frame to the quadrat to find a random sample. Complete the interactive to progress. How many blades of grass are there in your random sample area? How many frames fit into one quadrat? Calculate the estimated number of blades in your quadrat. 1. ✔ 10 2. ✔9 3. ✔ 90 Find the heights of the first three blades of grass by clicking the tip of each blade. Measure the heights to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. Record the heights in Table A. Complete the interactive to progress. Now that you have the heights of all ten blades of grass, calculate the average height of the grass. Record the average height of the grass in Table A of your Student Guide. What is the average height? ✔ 5.1 cm Examine the data table, which shows data for quadrat #18. (image of data table) Compare the data you recorded in Table A of your Student Guide with Table A from quadrat #18 in the control group. Remember that the control group contains the quadrats without compost. The number of blades in your quadrat is___________________ the number of blades in quadrat #18. The average height of the grass in your quadrat is ____________________ than the average height of the grass in quadrat #18. 1. In this sixth step, you will measure the number and height of the plants in your quadrat at the end of week 3. Click your quadrat to get a closer look. How many blades of grass are there in your
random sample area? Calculate the estimated number of blades in your quadrat. Recall that nine wooden frames fit in a quadrat. 1. ✔ 8 2. ✔ 72 Find the heights of the first three blades of grass by clicking the tip of each blade. Measure the heights to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. Record the heights in Table A. Now that you have the heights of all eight blades of grass, calculate the average height of the grass. Record the average height of the grass in Table A of your Student Guide. What is the average height? __________ cm ✔ 10.6 cm Examine the data table, which shows data for quadrat #18. (image of data table) Compare the data you recorded in Table A of your Student Guide with Table A from quadrat #18 in the control group. The number of blades in your quadrat is ____________________ the number of blades in quadrat #18. The average height of the grass in your quadrat is ____________________ the average height of the grass in quadrat #18. 1. Complete Table D to view the average height of the plants in your quadrat over time by transferring the average height of the blades of grass from Table A to Table D. Next, calculate the average height of each type of sprout in your quadrat using the information in Table B, and record these averages in Table D. The average height of the sunflower sprouts at the end of week 3 is __________ cm. The average height of the birch sprouts at the end of week 3 is __________ cm. 1. ✔ 12 cm 2. ✔ 7.2 Examine the data table, which shows data for quadrat #18. (image of data table) Compare the data you recorded in Table C of your Student Guide with Table C from quadrat #18 in the control group. The total number of sunflower and birch sprouts in your quadrat is _________________ the total number of sunflower and birch sprouts in quadrat #18. ✔ more than Examine the data table, which shows data for quadrat #18. (image of data table) Compare the data you recorded in Table D of your Student Guide with Table D from quadrat #18 in the control group. The average height of the sunflower sprouts in your quadrat is ____________________ the average height of the sunflower sprouts in quadrat #18. ✔ greater than (Assignment: Reflect on the Lab) Throughout the reflection, make sure you have a copy of the Student Guide and your data tables. Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. In this experiment, the _________________________________ was intentionally manipulated. It is the independent variable. The dependent variables that were measured were the _______________________________ . 1. In the control group, how did the number of grass blades change over the three week period? ____________________ In the experimental group, how did the number of grass blades change over the three week period? ____________________ Was there a measureable difference in the number of grass blades between the control group and the experimental group at the end of three weeks? __________ 1. Use the graph to compare the number of sprouts in the experimental and control groups at the end of Week 3. The number of sunflower sprouts in the experimental group is ____________________ the control group. The number of birch tree sprouts in the experimental group is ____________________ the control group. The overall number of birch tree sprouts is ____________________ the overall number of sunflower sprouts. 1. What conclusions can be drawn about the decrease in the number of grass blades in both the experimental and control groups? The amount of grass blades is lower over the period of time in both groups because the new sunflower, birch tree, and unknown sprouts are crowding the grass. What conclusions can be drawn about the greater number of sunflower sprouts compared to the number of birch tree sprouts in both the experimental and control groups? The reason why the amount of sunflower sprouts is more than the number of birch tree sprouts in both groups is because birch tree sprouts have a lower growth rate than sunflower sprouts. Use the graph to compare the average height of the plants at the end of Week 3. Which type of plant grew the fastest and is therefore the tallest? ____________________ Which type of plant grew the slowest and is therefore the shortest? ____________________ Was there a measureable difference in the average height of the plants between the control groups and the experimental groups? __________ 1. What effect does adding nutrients have on the total number and average height of sunflowers and birch trees? Adding nutrients to the soil allowed more sunflowers and more birch trees to sprout over the three-week period. Also, by adding nutrients, the sunflowers and birch trees that sprouted were able to grow taller than those without added nutrients Which procedures were followed in this lab to decrease experimental error? Check all that apply. ✔ A) using only two types of seeds, both from the same source ✔ C) using adjacent plots of land for both groups ✔ D) increasing the sample size by combining data from multiple groups ✔F) measuring plant height the same way and at the same time for both groups This is a habitat recovering from a forest fire. Based on your experimental data, which type of plant would you predict to sprout first and grow fastest: weeds similar to sunflowers or hardwoods similar to birch trees? ______________________________ If a scientist returned to this forest two years later, what species might she expect to find dominating the habitat? ______________________________ 1. 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Where would a derived quantity go in a data table?In most cases, the independent variable (that which you purposefully change) is in the left column, the dependent variable (that which you measure) with the different trials is in the next columns, and the derived or calculated column (often average) is on the far right.
What is the independent variable in a data table?In most data tables, the independent variable (the variable that you are testing or changing on purpose) will be in the column to the left and the dependent variable(s) will be across the top of the table.
Is a plant an independent variable?For the earlier plant experiment, “How Plants Grow In Response to Light,” the growth of the plant is the dependent variable being observed The plant growth is in response to changes in the amount of light the plant receives, is the independent variable.
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Do you have a copy of the student guide for this lab, which includes the data table?
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